The new detection methods based on abnormal markers in the endosomal system, which flags melanoma growth.

New biomarkers to improve skin cancer detection and avoid delays in treatment are being developed by researchers at the University of South Australia.

“Melanomas exhibit a wide range of sizes, shapes and growth, which can resemble numerous benign and other malignant skin lesions,” says UniSA PhD candidate Giang Lam in a new paper published in Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy.

“It can make accurate detection difficult, even for expert dermatologists and pathologists. The current markers used in clinical practice to identify cancerous cells and distinguish them from normal cells are not always sensitive or specific. Melanomas are sometimes missed, and this can have fatal consequences.”

Lam and supervisor Dr. Jessica Logan, a research fellow in UniSA’s clinical and health sciences unit, are identifying new detection methods based on abnormal markers in the endosomal system, which flags melanoma growth.

With melanomas, this system is hyperactivated and plays an important part in initiating melanomas and encouraging their growth. Developing markers that can label these cells in a dark brown color will allow pathologists to be 100% accurate, they write.

“Our research at UniSA is primarily focused on developing more effective biomarkers for melanoma but also understanding how the disease progresses and the multiple causes,” Dr. Logan says.

“The sun and subsequent UV damage are mainly responsible for causing skin cancer, so wearing sunscreen and getting regular skin checks is a must, but genetics also plays a role. If some of your family members have skin cancer, you also have a higher chance of getting the disease.”