Increased popularity in dietary supplements should prompt engagement from dermatologists, the authors said.

The most popular dietary supplements for acne contain probiotics, diindolylmethane, vitamin A, vitamin B complex, and zinc, according to a review of 13 supplements.

Although surveys have shown that many acne patients opt for dietary supplements as adjunctive treatments, these products are not subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, according to the study authors. In a review published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, the researchers conducted an internet search for the top 13 dietary supplements with specific indications for treating acne between March 1, 2023, and April 1, 2023. The researchers then conducted a literature search of the top ingredients to examine their safety and efficacy.

Data on probiotics for acne showed some evidence of anti-inflammatory effects and improved inflammatory lesion counts, with no potential safety concerns. By contrast, diindolylmethane (DIM) has not been the subject of any known clinical trials related to acne, and has been associated with adverse events including Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), pulmonary embolism, and systemic stroke. The most commonly reported side effect from zinc in acne products was gastrointestinal, and data on significant benefits for acne were mixed, the researchers wrote. The researchers found limited evidence of effectiveness for acne improvement associated with vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin B3, nicotinamide, Vitamin B7, or biotin. Notably, vitamin A may be associated with side effects similar to isotretinoin, and teratogenicity may be a concern. “It is imperative to fully understand the benefits and risk profiles of these supplements and provide patients with an evidence-based approach regarding their use,” the researchers wrote in their discussion.

"The popularity of dietary supplements, particularly those marketed for treating acne, has been on the rise in recent years," the authors wrote in the study. "As dermatologists, it is important to understand safety and efficacy of the most common ingredients contained in these products. Given the lack of FDA regulation and oversight, absence of standardized labeling, and potential interactions with substances contribute to challenges faced by consumers. To ensure informed decision-making, it is essential to prioritize an evidence-based approach and educate individuals about the potential risks associated with the use of acne supplements, emphasizing the importance of thorough research and consultation with healthcare professionals."

Source: Vaidya T, et al. Evaluating Common Ingredients Contained in Dietary Acne Supplements: An Evidence-Based Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2024;17(3):34–41.